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Self-care practices among older adults with type 2 diabetes: a scoping review
Authors
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Juan Antonio Velazquez-Favela
Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6552-0726
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Karla Pamela Moriel Galarza
Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4813-9653
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Yadira Mejia-Mejia
Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9466-3646
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Eglantina Micaela Ángeles-García
Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-7377
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Luz Verónica Berumen Burciaga
Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-0754
Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin resistance or deficiency. It is more prevalent in people over 60 years of age, where the risk of mortality and complications is higher due to the natural, progressive decline in physical and cognitive capacities associated with aging. Self-care is a key strategy in managing type 2 diabetes, as it allows older adults to reduce complications through health education. Objective: To describe self-care practices among older adults living with type 2 diabetes. Methodology: This scoping review was conducted in four stages: identification, selection, evaluation, and synthesis, utilizing PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, BVS, and Sage Journals. Studies published between 2020 and October 2024 were included, encompassing descriptive, correlational, observational, clinical trial, qualitative, and mixed-methods designs. Results: We identified three thematic categories: education and self-efficacy, lifestyle, and family and social support. Sociodemographic variables, educational level, and social support influenced self-care practices. Women showed higher adherence to dietary management and glucose monitoring, whereas men prioritized physical activity. Self-efficacy and health education have emerged as key elements in managing type 2 diabetes, highlighting the effectiveness of educational programs and digital tools. Conclusions: Health education and the use of technology promote self-care among patients with type 2 diabetes. Implementing educational programs in primary care settings may enhance disease management and reduce the socioeconomic impact of the condition.
Keywords:
Self Care , Aged , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Risk Factors , Noncommunicable DiseasesReferences
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